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How to Install Ubuntu Linux (CD/DVD Installation)

How to Install Ubuntu Linux (CD/DVD Installation)

Ubuntu is one of the most popular forms of the Linux operating system. It is available for free, and will run on almost any computer. This guide will show you how to install Ubuntu by booting from a CD or within Windows itself.

CD/DVD Installation

1. Download the Ubuntu ISO file. You can get the ISO file from the Ubuntu website. An ISO file is a CD image file that will need to be burned before you can use it. There are two options available from the Ubuntu website (you can also buy official Ubuntu CDs, which come in packs of 10):

  • 16.04 LTS has continuous updates and provides technical support. It is scheduled to be supported until April 2021. This option will give you the most compatibility with your existing hardware.

  • Ubuntu builds (not yet released) 16.10, 17.04, and 17.10 will come with limited support. They will have the newest features, though they may not work with all hardware. These releases are geared more towards experienced Linux users.

  • If you have a Windows 8 PC or a PC with UEFI firmware, download the 64-bit version of Ubuntu. Most older machines should download the 32-bit version.

2. Burn the ISO file. Open up your burning program of choice. There are free and paid programs available that can burn an ISO to a CD or DVD.

  • Windows 7, 8, and Mac OS X can all burn ISO files to a disc without having to download a separate program.

3. Boot from the disc. Once you have finished burning the disc, restart your computer and choose to boot from the disc. You may have to change your boot preferences by hitting the Setup key while your computer is restarting. This is typically F12, F2, or Del.

4. Try Ubuntu before installing. Once you boot from the disc, you will be given the option to try Ubuntu without installing it. The operating system will run from the disc, and you will have a chance to explore the layout of the operating system.
  • Open the Examples folder to see how Ubuntu handles files and exploring the operating system.

  • Once you are done exploring, open the Install file on the desktop.
5. Install Ubuntu. Your computer will need at least 4.5 GB of free space. You will want more than this if you want to install programs and create files. If you are installing on a laptop, make sure that it is connected to a power source, as installing can drain the battery faster than normal.
  • Check the “Download updates automatically” box, as well as the “Install this third-party software” box. The third-party software will allow you to play MP3 files as well as watch Flash video (such as YouTube).

6. Set up the wireless connection. If your computer is not connected to the internet via Ethernet, you can configure your wireless connection in the next step.

  • If you didn’t have an internet connection in the previous step, hit the Back button after setting up the wireless connection so that you can enable automatic updates.

7. Choose what to do with your existing operating system. If you have Windows installed on your system, you will be given a couple options on how you’d like to install Ubuntu. You can either install it alongside your previous Windows installation, or you can replace your Windows installation with Ubuntu.

  • If you install it alongside your old version of Windows, you will be given the option to choose your operating system each time you reboot your computer. Your Windows files and programs will remain untouched.

  • If you replace your installation of Windows with Ubuntu all of your Windows files, documents, and programs will be deleted.
8. Set your partition size. If you are installing Ubuntu alongside Windows, you can use the slider to adjust how much space you would like to designate for Ubuntu. Remember that Ubuntu will take up about 4.5 GB when it is installed, so be sure to leave some extra space for programs and files.

  • Once you are satisfied with your settings, click Install Now.

9. Choose your location. If you are connected to the internet, this should be done automatically. Verify that the timezone displayed is correct, and then click the Continue button.
10. Set your keyboard layout. You can choose from a list of options, or click the Detect Keyboard Layout button to have Ubuntu automatically pick the correct option.
11. Enter your login information. Enter your name, the name of the computer (which will be displayed on the network), choose a username, and come up with a password. You can choose to have Ubuntu automatically log you in, or require your username and password when it starts.
12. Wait for the installation process to complete. Once you choose your login info, the installation will begin. During setup, various tips for using Ubuntu will be displayed on the screen. Once it is finished, you will be prompted to restart the computer and Ubuntu will load.
How to make Windows 7 Bootable Flash Drive

How to make Windows 7 Bootable Flash Drive

You will need:

  1. PC running Windows XP/Vista/7/8
  2. Windows 7, 32/64-bit (depending on the system) installation disk
  3. USB drive with at least 8GB of free storage

Windows 7 ISO can be downloaded from Here: Official Microsoft Link
Preparing the USB drive:

  1. Open command prompt as administrator – Right click on Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt and select Run as administrator or type cmd in the Start search bar.
  2. Run diskpart utility by typing diskpart into command prompt window and pressing “Enter”.
  3. Locate your USB drive disk number by executing list disk. We’ll assume the USB drive is 1.
  4. Run the following commands:
    1. select disk 1
    2. clean
    3. create partition primary
    4. select partition 1
    5. active
    6. format fs=NTFS
    7. assign
    8. exit


Now we have prepared USB drive. Lets make it bootable:

  1. Insert Windows 7, 32/64-bit installation disk into DVD drive. Let’s assume it’s D
  2. Go to D:\boot (cd d:\boot)
  3. If your USB drive letter is “e” please run bootsect /nt60 e:
  4. Copy DVD Windows 7 media content to USB root folder (etc. don’t put it into any folder)

You are now ready to install Windows 7 from USB flash drive!

 

P.S.: During this procedure you’ll lose any data on your USB flash drive, do take backup. Please be extra careful during formatting, choosing the wrong drive will erase it completely. This guide provided as-is, at your own risk.

How To Create Bokeh-Effect Photos With A DSLR

How To Create Bokeh-Effect Photos With A DSLR

Photos with Bokeh effects are beautiful, focused and it will get you more likes on Instagram and Facebook. The term ‘bokeh’ has its origins in the Japanese word ‘boke’ which means blur or haze, and it is defined as “the effect of a soft out-of-focus background that you get when shooting a subject, using a fast lens, at the widest aperture, such as f/2.8 or wider”, according to a blog post by Nikon.

Technically speaking, the bokeh effect is affected by the shape of diaphragm blades or the aperture of the lens. A lens with more circular shaped blades will have rounder and softer out-of-focus highlights, while a lens with a more hexagonal aperture will have similar shape in the highlights. Here is how to take photos with bokeh.

Use a Fast Lens

One simple rule of thumb when it comes to taking pictures with bokeh is the faster the lens is the better the bokeh will be. Lens speed refers to the maximum aperture of a lens, which is denoted by smallest f – number. You have to use a lens with at least an f/2.8 aperture and for better results use apertures of f/2. f/1.8 or f/1.4.

The larger the aperture and faster the lens is, the more light you can let in decreasing the depth of filed creating a bokeh effect.

Use Wider Aperture

As we mentioned above, a large aperture decrease depth of field and this isolation focus on a narrow part of your subject with everything surrounding the focal point blurred.

One of the ways to control the bokeh effect of your shots is to shoot with lens wide open and you want to use a Manual mode for this. Unlike Automatic mode, the Manual mode will let you choose the shutter speed and aperture.

Try Close-up

If you don’t have a fast lens, increasing the distance between the background and subject is clever way to accomplish bokeh. Additionally, the closer you get to the subject, the blurrier the background will be. With a lot of distance between the subject and background and lesser space between camera and the subject, this is a simple way to create bokeh and it works even on smartphones.

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